Humanitarian organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has called on US diagnostics corporation Cepheid, which produces the GeneXpert testing machines that run COVID-19 tests, to immediately reduce the prices for the tests to allow for more people to be diagnosed as the pandemic continues to ravage parts of the world.

MSF’s plea comes after Cepheid on Thursday announced that it will reduce the price of its new 10-color IV-4 GeneXpert machines from US$19,000 to $15,800, and additionally offer countries buying those machines ‘100 COVID-19 tests for free’.  Similar bundled price reductions for the larger XVI GeneXpert machines and COVID-19 and TB tests have also been announced. 

Stijn Deborggraeve, Diagnostic Advisor, MSF Access Campaign however slammed the company’s announcement, saying it was “another sign that the corporation is not actually willing to make a real commitment to increasing access to affordable tests in low- and middle-income countries, and is prioritising its profits over people’s lives”.

Deborggraeve said the price “reduction” was not meaningful, but rather a way to “promote their newer testing devices”.

“The COVID-19 pandemic should not be used by Cepheid to profiteer by charging low- and middle-income countries over four times the price it costs to produce the COVID-19 tests. It’s high time for Cepheid to do what’s right and immediately provide countries with real price reductions for the COVID-19 test, so more tests can be run and more people diagnosed as the pandemic continues to rage across many parts of the globe.” 

MSF together with the Treatment Action Group (TAG) and more than 140 other civil society organisations sent open letters on 24 February and 1 April to express concerns about the impact of Cepheid overcharging low- and middle-income countries for COVID-19 tests, and to ask for a significant and immediate price reduction of the tests. 

Cepheid has set the price for each COVID-19 test at $19.80, which is at least 400% more than it costs the corporation to produce the test, based on MSF’s analysis of the cost of manufacturing Cepheid’s similar TB and HIV tests. The analysis shows that the corporation could still make a profit by selling each test for $5 or less.  

MSF repeated its call for Cepheid to reduce the price of the COVID-19 test and all other GeneXpert tests to no more than $5 each. 

“It is unacceptable that Cepheid sells the COVID-19 tests to low- and middle-income countries at a price over four times higher than it costs to produce the test, while Cepheid’s annual revenue has doubled during the pandemic, reaching over $2 billion, largely from the sale of COVID-19 tests,” said MSF in its statement.

Image Credits: UCT.

 

The Seychelles, known for its beaches and giant tortoises, has recorded a spike in COVID-19 cases.

A significant surge in COVID-19 cases in the tropical island of Seychelles, despite almost 70% of the population having been vaccinated, is baffling health officials while residents are calling for stricter law enforcement, especially for tourists.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is currently working with health officials on the island to analyse the latest data, including patterns and characteristics of people testing positive, and will soon have a clearer understanding of the development.

To date over 68,000 people, almost 70% of the population, have been vaccinated in the Seychelles, reaching the target for herd immunity — indirect protection from an infectious disease when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection, according to the WHO.  

However, on 3 May the island recorded 500 new infections which has resulted in strict new lockdown measures being implemented a day after the spike in numbers. These include the closure of schools until 24 May and a ban on social gatherings including weddings, conferences, group sport events, graduations.

The case surge has raised questions regarding the efficacy of vaccination against the deadly virus and has shown the catastrophic consequences of relaxing public health measures. With less than 100,000 inhabitants, Seychelles is the smallest of any sovereign African country.  

Richard Mihigo, Immunisation and Vaccines Development Programme Coordinator at WHO, said the surge provided justification for the vaccination of more people in the country. “Until everybody’s protected, there is no reason why the disease will not continue in the country. So I think that is a very big illustration on how important it is to continue to vaccinate people,” Mihigo said.

There’s no official statement yet regarding the origin of the surge in new cases, but the global health organisation and local health authorities are carefully monitoring the development.

The island’s first COVID-19 cases were recorded on 11 March 2020 when a couple in their sixties travelled from Italy to the island. By 5 May this year, the smallest African country had recorded 6,273 cases and 28 deaths.

Analyses of Data to get to Root of Spike

The WHO said it is working with health officials in Seychelles to analyse the data and will soon have a clearer understanding of the development.

“Officials are already looking at the patterns and the characteristics of the people that are testing, whether they’ve been vaccinated or not, and then try to come up with a true picture of the situation that is going on in Seychelles,” Mihigo said.

Mihigo encouraged the Seychelles and other African countries to continue their vaccinations programmes,  taking into consideration the developments in Israel and the United States where the number of cases are dropping significantly due to the large number of people being vaccinated.

Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control (CDC),  also expressed his organisation’s willingness to help the government of Seychelles to understand the situation and to respond accordingly. 

While the scientists are researching the resurgence, citizens are also taking to social media to voice their opinions. Tessy Anne, who lives in Victoria in the Seychelles, said on Facebook that the surge in new cases may be as a result of poor enforcement of COVID-19 rules and regulations, especially for tourists visiting the country.

The Seychelles announced on January 14, 2021, that visitors from all over the world who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 will be able to visit without going through quarantine. The rules for opening up the East African island country known for its beaches and giant tortoises, could point the way forward for tourism after vaccines become more widely available.

“It’s time for the Ministry of Health to strictly emphasise that all visitors wear their masks in public. Too often they are seen walking about without a mask. Sometimes police officers also see them but do nothing, yet they fine Seychellois who they see not wearing a mask,” she said. 

Seychelles Urgently Needs to Regain Socio-economic Loss

According to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 62-page assessment of the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in Seychelles, the country’s GDP shrunk by 11.5% and unemployment rate rose from 2.7% in 2019 to 4.8% in the first half of 2020. Between March and September, 1,300 employees were retrenched and  4,000 applications by migrant workers were cancelled. There has been a 70% loss in tourism revenue.

Naadir Hassan, Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Trade, noted in the report on the socio-economic report, that his and other tourism-dependent Small Island Development States, have been most affected by the pandemic, and face slow recovery as long-haul travel will take longer to return to normal. 

Experts are aiming to reawaken the discourse on diversification of the economy since the pandemic has clearly demonstrated the vulnerabilities that come with over-reliance on the tourism sector. 

But in the immediate term, all efforts are geared towards preventing the spread of the virus, investing in measures to stimulate local economic activity, support social cohesion, and address rising unemployment, in addition to ensuring the mechanisms for innovative and sustainable financing in the face of the growing debt burden remain at the core of the government’s response.

Seychelles kickstarted COVID-19 vaccination in Africa with the  country’s president, Wavel Ramkalawan being one of the first to receive the Sinopharm COVID-19 jab which he publicly received, an action that was geared towards getting more citizens to trust and receive the vaccines. 

Seychelles has been getting vaccines from different sources including a donation of 50,000 doses of China’s Sinopharm vaccine from the government of the United Arab Emirates and  100,000 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine from the Government of India.

Back to Masks

Seychelles President Wavel Ramkalawan was one of the first to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

Oyewale Tomori, Nigerian professor of virology and chairman of Nigeria’s Ministerial Expert Advisory committee on COVID-19, told Health Policy Watch that poor communication regarding COVID-19 vaccines could create confusion. 

He noted that while the vaccines may not be able to stop infection, they can ensure the infections do not result in severe life-threatening diseases.

He added that efforts need to be made towards encouraging Africans not to get tired of observing the recommended measures including proper masking.

Thabani Maphosa, Gavi Managing Director for Country Programmes, added that health measures such as wearing face masks will go a long way in keeping the pandemic under control in the light of the paucity of vaccine doses.

“If anyone is still walking out there without a mask, it is like working out of your house naked and it is horrifying. We need to stand up to the virus,” Maphosa said.

Image Credits: Roadgoat, Seychelles government.

Bloomberg Philanthropies is supporting cities’ COVID-19 prevention effort

CAPE TOWN – The city is planning a vaccine outreach campaign aimed at encouraging an estimated 530,000 homeless people and migrants to get vaccinated.

Cape Town is one of 18 cities that has been chosen by Bloomberg Philanthropies’ ‘Healthy Cities’ initiative for a grant of up to $50,000 to support vaccine distribution to reach high-risk populations.

The city plans to use the grant for advertising on minibus taxis, mobile billboards and sky banners, and to fight misinformation via radio ads. In addition, vaccine registration units “will partner with trusted community leaders and hold socially distanced face-to-face consultations with people in hard-to-reach areas”, according to a news release. 

“It is important that, while our communities have access to health care, they also have access to reliable health information,” said Cape Town mayor Dan Plato. “We’ve seen the power of working with trusted local voices to share COVID-19 safety messages with vulnerable people earlier in the pandemic, and we plan to build on those efforts to encourage vaccination for all.” 

South Africa is currently only vaccinating health workers due to vaccine shortages but will start vaccinating those over the age of 60 on 17 May.

Buenos Aires in Argentina, will tackle a vaccine hesitancy problem among older homeless or isolated adults, using targeted messaging and by training formerly homeless “peer companions” for local outreach. 

Ending The Pandemic Everywhere

Phnom Penh in Cambodia will improve vaccine logistics and delivery, including acquiring new cold storage equipment to protect the vaccines as the onset of the local rainy season slows road travel.  

Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro will use the new funds to reach transgender people who are unhoused or in otherwise high-risk or isolated situations. 

Bloomberg Philanthropies founder Michael Bloomberg said that “local leaders have helped spearhead the world’s response to the pandemic from the beginning, and that now includes pushing to ensure vaccinations happen as quickly as possible, especially in high-risk communities”. 

Meanwhile, World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, described the equitable distribution of vaccines as “not only a moral imperative, it is also an epidemiological and economic imperative”.

“As long as this virus is transmitting anywhere, the higher the chances that a variant will emerge that evades vaccines, and the longer the global economic recovery will take,” said Dr Tedros.

“We simply will not end the pandemic anywhere until we end it everywhere. These grants will support city leaders to reach some of the most vulnerable groups with vaccines.” 

Founded in 2017, the Partnership for Healthy Cities has grown into a network of 70 cities around the world committed to saving lives by preventing non-communicable diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease and cancer, and injuries. 

In March 2020, Bloomberg Philanthropies expanded support to help member cities by providing tools and information for COVID-19 prevention and mitigation measures as part of a $40 million Bloomberg Philanthropies COVID-19 Global Response Initiative. 

“Cities are drivers of public health and over the past year have mounted a remarkable COVID-19 response. The path to widespread vaccination is complex and requires detailed planning, coordination, data management, and logistics support by urban leaders and their staff,” said José Luis Castro, CEO of Vital Strategies, which is a partner in the initiative.

“We look forward to using our expertise to help cities improve their ability to reach high-risk communities as they develop and implement equitable policies and practices to safeguard health and rebuild stronger health, social, and economic systems.” 

Image Credits: Bloomberg Philanthropies.

WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

World Trade Organization’s (WTO) director general Ngozi Onkonjo-Iweala on Thursday hailed the United States government’s decision to support the suspension of intellectual property rules on COVID-19 vaccines – while also emphasising the urgency of even more immediate actions to increase vaccine supplies to lower-income countries.  

In a statement after a two-day closed-door WTO General Council meeting, Onkonjo-Iweala said she “warmly welcomed” the US’s willingness to “engage with proponents of a temporary waiver of the TRIPS agreement to help in combating the Covid-19 pandemic”.

“We need to respond urgently to COVID-19 because the world is watching and people are dying,” Onkonjo-Iwela said, in a carefully measured statement. That statement also underlined the fact the lead sponsors of the blanket waiver, South Africa and India, were revising their proposal to reconcile the deep differences among high- and low-income WTO member states. 

“I am pleased that the proponents are preparing a revision to their proposal and I urge them to put this on the table as soon as possible so that text-based negotiations can commence,” Onkonjo-Iweala said. 

“It is only by sitting down together, that we will find a pragmatic way forward, acceptable to all members, which enhances developing countries, access to vaccines, while protecting and sustaining the research and innovation, so vital to the production of these life saving vaccines.”

The global trade body has for months been facing calls by a group of 60 low-income countries, led by India and South Africa to temporarily remove the intellectual property protections on COVID-19 vaccines, medicines and tests, which are governed by the WTO’s Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS).

Proponents say this would help boost medicines and vaccine production in developing countries that so far have received far fewer jabs – as well as oiling the wheels of international trade – in which developing countries that produce generic or biosimilar versions of drugs and vaccines, can face IP barriers in producing and exporting those products to other countries in need. 

Until now, however, most leading developed countries, as well as the pharma industry, have opposed the blanket waiver, saying that it would not really serve to ramp up technologically complex medicines or vaccine production. The US change in position vis a vis vaccines, at least, under the new administration of President Joe Biden, is a significant shift that could pull other countries along too – particularly the European Union.

Already on Thursday, New Zealand’s trade minister, Damien O’Connor, said that the country would align with the initiative for an  IP waiver on vaccines. “We welcome the US announcement and look forward to taking this forward with urgency.”  

And European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen signalled that the EU might also reconsider its previously staunch opposition to the TRIPS waiver, saying “we are open to discuss any other effective and pragmatic solution.”

Speaking at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, Von der Leyen said that the EU was ready to discuss the US-backed proposal.

But she also called upon all vaccine-producing countries to immediately remove export limits on their products and avoid other measures that disrupt supply chains – a thinly-veiled criticism of the United States and the United Kingdom’s moves that have, at times, limited exports of vaccines or their inputs. 

Mood At WTO General Council More Constructive

WTO spokesman Keith Rockwell

At a press briefing on Thursday, WTO Spokesperson Keith Rockwell noted that the “‘mood was very different” and “discussions were constructive” at the General Council meeting following the announcement by US Trade Representative, Ambassador Katherine Tai, Wednesday evening, in a statement that declared:

“This is a global health crisis, and the extraordinary circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic call for extraordinary measures.”.

Said Rockwell: “Clearly, there is a change in the atmosphere,” adding that while the US support does not guarantee an agreement, it signals a ‘very different dynamic’ from the United States, which is a key WTO player – that will move the negotiations to a concrete text formulation.

“Without this kind of change, an agreement could not be possible. And we don’t tend to come up with agreements by magic. These agreements tend to arise when we have when we have a text from which to negotiate,” Rockwell said.

Global Health Experts Applaud the United States’ Leadership 

The US move has been widely applauded by many leading global health experts – although opposed by industry voices as something that won’t really achieve the aim of ramping up needed.

“This is a game changer. US is stepping up. Doing the right thing. Doing the smart thing,” said Lawrence Gostin, Director of a WHO Collaborating Center on Global Health Law, on Twitter.

“I never thought I would live to see the day the US used its political muscle to waive IP rights against the implacable opposition of the pharma industry,” added Gostin. He described the pandemic as a ‘long game’ that could rage globally for many years until everyone is vaccinated. 

“The answer isn’t only sharing a scarce supply of vaccine doses, even if that is still important. It’s also vital to build capacity globally so that there’s enough doses for everyone. A win-win.” 

Conversely, a statement by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) warned that: “Waiving patents of COVID-19 vaccines will not increase production nor provide practical solutions needed to battle this global health crisis.

“On the contrary, it is likely to lead to disruption, while distracting from addressing the real challenges in scaling up production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines globally.”

In a BBC interview, IFPMA Director-General Thomas Cueni said he was “even more concerned” about bolstering pandemic preparedness in the wake of the US change in position.

“Here you had 300 plus vaccine developers engaged in trying to be the first to the finishing line on COVID-19, trusting that the legal framework would be honoured. Now, with this precedent, if it is carried through, the message for future pandemic preparedness to investors, to companies is ‘don’t count that this legal framework will be honoured” – if there is a crisis, the patent will be ignored, which is not really the incentive you need.”

The so-called “Ottawa Group-plus”, led by Canada and including a mix of high- and lower-income WTO countries, have meanwhile tried to advance a more general declaration on Trade and Health, which would aspire to eliminate export restrictions on vital COVID-19 health products and curb vaccine nationalism.  But many other WTO members, including not only the sponsors but other Latin America countries, have said that the initiative falls short of achieving real impacts.

“What they said was that these things do not go far enough,” said Rockwell, reporting on the results of Thursday’s WTO General Council session. “And reference was made on a number of occasions to the need to have a waiver of TRIPS that this is really a critical tool for combating this. Many countries have spoken up in favour of the statement made by Katherine Tai yesterday.”

Image Credits: Africa Centre for International Trade&Development, WTO.

Dr Matshidiso Moeti, World Health Organization regional director for Africa

IBADAN – The US government’s decision to support a temporary waiver on intellectual property related to COVID-19 vaccine patents & other knowhow in the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a positive development, said key stakeholders in Africa’s health ecosystem on Thursday.  

While US President Joe Biden’s reversal of the previous US position against the waiver will not result in an overnight supply of more vaccines, it will likely advance Africa’s local vaccine manufacturing agenda, said John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa CDC during a press briefing.

“We have to be very careful that we do not translate the waiver to something that will happen immediately. It will take time for that to translate but it offers a unique opportunity for a continental manufacturing agenda to advance,” Nkengasong said.

The waiver in the enforcement of patents, copyright, industrial designs, and trade secrets, for COVID-related health products for the duration of the pandemic was originally proposed by South Africa and India in October.  Until now, the proposal, supported by some 60 low- and middle-income countries, has been stiffly opposed by a group of high-income countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan and Australia – which have major pharma industry interests. 

At the briefing, WHO’s Africa Regional Direcctor, Matshidiso Moeti, also praised the bold announcement by US Trade Representative Katherine Tai, calling it a potential a game changer for Africa that could unlock millions of vaccine doses and save more lives on the continent.  

But she cautioned that Wednesday’s announcement by the US does not  guarantee the global patent rules for COVID-19 vaccines will be lifted immediately.

More Than Waivers Needed

And even if it is finally approved by the WTO, even a temporary waiver on COVID-19 vaccines will however not be enough to jump-start local vaccine production, Moeti said:

“For local production to really take off, investments will be needed in technology transfer capacity building and quality assurance, backed by strong regulatory systems, and private sector partnerships.”  .

With the right support and proper financing local vaccine production could start as early as the first quarter of 2022 at the Pasteur Institute of Senegal, according to Nkengasong.

“But it requires partnerships; it requires incentivising the process by providing and rallying financing. Those are some of the things that we need, to get us to where we need to be,” Nkengasong said.

In the short term, Africa needs to surmount the challenges posed by delays in the delivery of doses through the COVAX Facility— due to the decision of the Indian government to ban the export of vaccine doses to enable it to control the devastating surge in the number of cases in the country.

India reported 412,431 new COVID cases on 5 May, taking the total number of confirmed cases in the country to over 21.1 million while Africa has reported less than 4.6 million cases during the entire pandemic period.

Africa’s Vaccine Update

A Nigerian healtcare worker getting his COVID-19 vaccination

Also speaking at the press briefing, Thabani Maphosa, Gavi Managing Director for Country Programmes, agreed with Moeti that the timeliness of COVID-19 vaccine doses will be suboptimal to protect people from severe disease and death.

So far, nearly 38 million vaccine doses have been acquired by African Union Member States, with approximately 20.2 million doses having been administered  to date, according to Afrca CDC.

“This figure corresponds to a coverage rate of 1.14% at the continental level, with 0.39% of the population having received a full vaccine regimen (up by 0.02 percent points from the previous week),” Africa CDC stated.

It further revealed that African countries have used about 54% of the available vaccine supply.

COVAX is Working but not Fast Enough

Thabani Maphosa, Gavi Managing Director for Country Programmes

In Africa, COVAX has delivered over 18 million doses of vaccines to 41 countries on the continent and globally, it has delivered almost 40 million doses for lower and middle income countries worldwide, according to Maphosa.

Maphosa, although expressing confidence in the effectiveness of the COVAX Facility’s, saying vaccine doses were held up due to the crisis in India – but that factor was beyond COVAX’s control.

“Vaccines are not coming as fast as we would have wanted them to. Our first priority is to help countries that have already received their first deliveries to receive another set of doses, so that they can administer the second dose.” 

Countries Hit by Delays Will Be Prioritized

Countries, including Ghana and Nigeria, that have been hit by delays will be prioritised once supplies resume.

“We are taking a number of measures to get deliveries flowing again. We are in close contact with the Serum Institute of India (SII), who have reassured us that while they will prioritise supplies to India, the COVAX Facility is next in line,” said Maphosa.

Beyond SII, COVAX is securing vaccine doses for Africa from elsewhere including vaccine donations from France (over 100,000 doses to Mauritania), and Sweden (over one million doses donated to COVAX).

Earlier this week, Health Policy Watch also reported  that COVAX has signed an agreement with Moderna for 500 million doses of its mNA vaccine. This development, Maphosa said, is a demonstration of “a very solid progress”.

A statement by Gavi on Monday showed supply via the agreement will take place from the second half of 2021 through to 2022, with options in place to address the risks of variants.

So far, COVAX has raised a total of $6.5 billion from donors, and is also seeking a further $1.7 billion in order to secure 1.8 billion doses of vaccines.

“We are telling our donors and our manufacturers that supplies need to come fast. It is only by working together that we will end this pandemic. But it is also important that for those vaccines that have been delivered, progress must be shown in terms of getting them to the arms of the patients,” Maphosa said.  

Moeti urged countries to prioritise administering doses to as many high-risk people as possible, as soon as possible.

“We must get all the doses we have into people’s arms,” she said. “It’s a race against time and the virus. Given the limited supply we recommend that countries prioritise giving the first dose to as many high-risk people as possible in the shortest amount of time.”

New variants of the coronavirus  also place Africa at risk of a third wave. The B.1.617 variant that was first found in India has been reported in at least one African country. The B1.351 strain, first found in South Africa, is spreading in 23 African countries and the B1.1.7 strain, first found in the United Kingdom, has been found in 20 countries.

With new variants circulating, low vaccination levels, population fatigue in adhering to preventive measures, and easing of restrictions, WHO noted that the conditions are present for a resurgence.

“The tragedy in India does not have to happen here in Africa, but we must all be on the highest possible alert. Governments must maintain strong surveillance and detection systems, reassess and bolster their treatment capacities, step up the supply of critical medicines, including medical oxygen and ensure there are enough beds for severely ill patients.” said Moeti.

Low-and-middle-income countries have made significantly less progress than high-income countries in implementing hand hygiene and infection prevention programmes that can stop deadly diseases, from diarrhoea to COVID-19, according to a recent A World Health Organization survey of 88 countries. 

And one in four health care facilities in poorer countries do not have basic water services and one in three lacks hand hygiene supplies, said WHO, marking World Hygiene Day on Wednesday.  

Meanwhile, universal access to safe drinking waters, sanitation and hygiene, are unlikely to be met unless affordability is addressed and monitored – according to a new report by UNICEF and WHO, released on World Hygiene Day.  Improved monitoring of “affordability” indicators will ultimately allow governments and the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector to more effectively target support and to make WASH services affordable to all.  

Good Hygiene Critical to Stopping COVID-10 – as well as Other Deadly Diseases

Good hygiene practices remain  a “serious challenge” at any time, but more so when the world is fighting the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, WHO said in a statement.     

“COVID-19 has dramatically demonstrated just how important good hand hygiene practices are in reducing the risk of transmission, when used as part of a comprehensive package of preventative measures.

“For example, in some low-and-middle-income countries, only one in 10 have workers who practice proper hand hygiene while caring for patients at high-risk of health care susceptibility infection in intensive care units.  While, also in high-income countries, hand hygiene compliance rarely exceeds 60% to 70%.”

Moreover, few low-income countries have the capacity to monitor Infection, Prevention and Control (IPC) effectively.  A new WHO online monitoring portal will help countries identify and address gaps. The first ever IPC monitoring portal is a protected online platform for countries to collect data in a standardised and user-friendly manner and download their situation analysis following data entry along with advice on areas and approaches for improvement. 

Infections acquired in health care settings like hospitals and clinics affect millions of patients and health workers globally. Europe alone records nearly nine million infections yearly, said the U.N. agency. 

But  highly effective and low-cost hand hygiene strategies are available that could reduce these infections by half.

“Half these infections can be avoided by implementing effective IPC practices and programmes, including hand hygiene improvement strategies. Such strategies can also prevent 3 out of 4 the AMR-related deaths that occur in health care facilities.”

The organisation has also declared 2021 the “Year of the Health and Care Worker”, and in relation to that, evidence has shown that appropriate hand hygiene practices reduce infections during health care delivery:

“So, engaging different health professionals, as well as patients and everyone in the society in World Hand Hygiene Day 2021 is critical also to supporting the “Year of Health and Care Workers”.

Image Credits: Pixabay.

World Trade Organization Director General Ngozi Onkonjo-Iweala presides over a meeting of the General Council discussing a proposal to suspend IP rules on COVID health products for the duration of the pandemic

The United States has swung its weight behind a hotly-debated proposal by India and South Africa to suspend intellectual property rights on COVID-19 vaccines for the duration of the pandemic.

The dramatic turnabout in the US position, announced Wednesday evening by US Trade Representative Katherine Tai, signals a sea change in the balance of powers around the debate over the IP waiver  – which until now had been supported primarily by low- and middle-income countries.

The announcement came on the heels of a World Trade Organization (WTO) General Council meeting where members seemed to be inching towards more granular, text-based, negotiations over the proposal by South Africa and India to temporarily suspend intellectual property rights COVID-19 treatments, tests and vaccines.

It also came just afrer the two co-sponsors had said that they would revise their original blanket waiver proposal  – in a bid to reconcile positions between the LMIC bloc of supporters and the primarily high-income opponents.

Now, with the US administration of President Joe Biden behind the waiver concept – albeit only for vaccines – the revisions required to eventually reach consensus may become less daunting.

“This is a global health crisis, and the extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic call for extraordinary meausres,” said Tai in her statement, published by the Office of the US Trade Representative. “The Administration believes strongly in intellectual property protections, but in service of ending this pandemic, supports the wiaver of those prpotections for COVID-19 vaccines,” she said in the statement.

“We will actively participate in text-based negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) needed to make that happen.”

The US shift brought a swift reaction from all sides in the polarized debate – which has seen the pharma industry and civil society go head-to-head over the highly-technical IP issue.

A statement by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA)  warned that waiving IP is the wrong answer to a complex problem.

“Waiving patents of COVID-19 vaccines will not increase production nor provide practical solutions needed to battle this global health crisis,” the statement said. “On the contrary, it is likely to lead to disruption, while distracting from addressing the real challenges in scaling up production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines globally.”

Move Hailed by Waiver Advocates – But Some Protest Limitations To ‘Vaccines’

On the other side of the divide, the heads of WHO and most other global health agencies hailed the move, as did medicines access advocates, who have waged a hard camapign for the measure. But some voices also criticized the fact that the US statement referred only to “COVID-19 vaccines” and not treatments or tests – signalling the long road that still remains to reach consensus.

Among the first to express support was WHO Director General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus – who has not concealed his position on the controversial initiative.   The WHO DG called it a reflection of the “wisdom and moral leadership” of the United States.

Jeremy Farrar, director of the Wellcome Trust, an insitution that has invested heavily in key aspects of pharma’s COVID vaccine R&D, called it a “hugely important decision from Ambassador Tai and the USA.”

At the same time, Jamie Love, head of the advocacy group, Knowledge Ecology International, said that by only tagging “vaccines” and not COVID tests or treatments, the initiative still doesn’t go far enough.

“One reason why Biden will back a waiver on vaccines but not therapeutics or diagnostics, is that vaccines in foreign markets protect us. Therapeutics, diagnostics in foreign markets, don’t,” tweeted Love which has lobbied hard in the US and globally for the waiver.

“Yeah – I think this is the next step of the battle. Tons of money going into treatments now, no reason to leave them out,” tweeted back, Nick Dearden, director of the UK-based non-profit Global Justice Now.

At Wednesday’s WTO General Council meeting, meanwhile, WTO Director General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala welcomed news of South Africa’s and India’s plans to revise the original IP Waiver proposal, submitted in October 2020.

She urged all WTO members to advance to more nuanced talks over ways to ensure trade enables the scale up of needed COVID health products, as well as ensuring their freer and more equitable flow between countries.

“I am firmly convinced that once we can sit down with an actual text in front of us, we shall find a pragmatic way forward, acceptable to all sides that allow the kinds of answers that our developing country members are looking at with respect to vaccines, whilst at the same time looking at research and innovation and how to protect them,” DG Okonko-Iweala said.

TRIPS IP Waiver – Proposal Seen Polarizing Debate

African health officials have appealed for more COVID vaccines after current supplies run out in some countries.

The TRIPS waiver, initially championed by South Africa and India. has since been co-sponsored by a total of 60 WTO members, including Kenya, Eswatini, Mozambique, Pakistan, Bolivia, Venezuela, Mongolia, Zimbabwe, Egypt, the African Group, and the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Group.

The proposal would suspend trade rules on COVID vaccines and medicines IP, governed by the WTO “TRIPS” Agreement on Trade Related Agreement on Aspects of Intellectual Property.  While current rules do allow for countries to produce their own versions of patented products during health emergencies, many lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) have said that the IP “flexibilities” are in fact too rigid, and don’t really allow for the rapid scale-up of vaccines and medicines required by the COVID-19 pandemic.

At the same time, G-7 countries, including the US, UK, European Union, Switzerland, Japan and Australia, as well as pharma industry stakeholders, have been lined up against the waiver proposal since its inception.  Opponents say that what is really missing is technical capacity in LMICs to produce their own health products.  In addition, broken supply chains for just one input into a vaccine, can create a bottleneck for manufacturing scale up.

With the new US position, It can be expected that a revised proposal, might seek to expand existing TRIPS flexibilities on vaccines, per se, while still stopping short of the blanket waiver that was proposed in October on all COVID tests, treatments and equipments.

A revised proposal might also address some of the deeper structural problems that exist in current trade rules – particularly the barriers that countries face when producing vital COVID health products under a “compulsory license”  – to exporting those products to third country partners. And at least rhetorically, a revised proposal may try to tackle some of the broader supply chain, tech transfer and capacity building issues that everyone agrees are obstacles.

In her statement Wednesday, Tai warned that negotiations on the waiver proposal “will take time, given the consensus nature of the institution [WTO] and the complexity of the issues involved.”

However, the debate is likely to resume soon. South Africa and India have already proposed that the TRIPS Council hold a special meeting open to all WTO members in the second half of May. That would be followed by a formal TRIPS Council meeting in early June.

WTO Needs “Sense of Urgency”

Keith Rockwell, WTO spokesperson at Wednesday briefing.

Iweala has constantly called for WTO members to etch a “third way” in the debate over the waiver issue. In her comments Wednesday, she urged WTO members to act quickly to ensure that the Agency can do its part to expand access to COVID treatments and vaccines more equitably.

“The way the WTO handles this matter is critical,” DG Okonjo-Iweala told members. “We need to have a sense of urgency on how we approach this issue of response to COVID-19 because the world is watching.”

“Vaccine policy is economic policy because the global economic recovery cannot be sustained unless we find a way to get equitable access to vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics,” she added.

WTO spokesperson Keith Rockwell said that Wednesday’s WTO discussion was “far more constructive, pragmatic” and less “emotive” and contentious than previous debates – with some 42 delegations taking the floor.

“We’ve learned in the last few weeks, that there is unutilized capacity in the developing world that can be tapped into in order to help to meet the demand,” said Rockwell.  But what’s also clear is that there are “many other things” driving shortages – even if the “TRIPS waiver …were to be approved in its in its revised form.

“There are many, many other factors that need to come into play. Among them, and perhaps the foremost among them is the importance of transferring know how to new production sites. It’s not enough to have the recipe for making these vaccines, you need to have the know how, as well that means, trained, skilled workers. It means having the right equipment. It also means having a regulatory infrastructure that is both strict and transparent.”

In line with that, he said that member states were now also focusing on these and other key barriers to scale-up: “Many members have also said he calls for much greater transparency in terms of dealings between, between innovators and producers and governments, so that the terms of the of the transfers of technology for example, are more clear to everyone involved. Those are important elements to this.

“In addition to that, we’ve seen a quite a lot of discussion about how it would be that we could tap into the unused capacity that’s been identified in recent weeks in the developing world,” he said, referring to Iweala’s estimates that the world may need to go from 5 billion doses [of all vaccines] produced last year to 10.8 billion – or even 15 billion doses – if there is a need to produce COVID booster doses.

Moving Ahead  – Iweala’s Four Points

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Director-General of the WTO, at a press conference held shortly after taking office. She pledged to bring countries together over access to COVID vaccines.

In her closed-door comments at the WTO, Iweala stressed to members that countries need to step up the sharing of vaccines immediately – while negotiations over the waiver proceed.

“Those who have ordered more than they need, need to share them with others, either through the COVAX  facility or other mechanisms,” she was quoted as saying, by WTO spokesperson Keith Rockwell.

“Secondly, it’s important that we look closely at export restrictions and prohibitions, and bureaucratic procedures customs procedures, red tape that has slowed the trade in vaccines diagnostics and therapeutics,” Rockwell said.

Referring back to a high-level meeting with pharma companies last month, he noted that they had stressed that one of the biggest obstacles to ramping up production was access to raw inputs and materials:  “We heard from one company… they said that because of a lack of filters, they had to shut down the entire production process.

“So, even relatively simple or even mundane things like that vitals tubes, filters, if they’re not available, this can have an impact. Trading these products as well as in the ingredients for vaccines must continue.

Thirdly, Iweala stressed the importance of WTO member countries to work with manufacturers to enable them to mobilize the existing capacity that’s idle: “She mentioned countries that we’ve heard from – Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, South Africa, Indonesia and Senegal. All said, there is more capacity that has gone underutilized….because of the need for technology and the need for the raw materials.

Meanwhile, Iweala also urged Russia, China, Cuba and Brazil, which have vaccines under development, to “be in touch with the, with the World Health Organization to get emergency use authorization to enable universal access to these vaccines.”

So far, China and Russia have focused on bilateral deals for vaccine distribution to LMICs – rather than working through WHO and the global COVAX vaccine facility. While China’s vaccines are currently in late stages of WHO quality and efficacy review – although the Russian Sputnik V vaccine remains further behind.

Stocks In Vaccine Producers Plummet

Along with any statements, the industry reaction was also evident in the stock market.  Shares of Moderna, Pfizer and BioNTech dropped upon the US news – including a decline of 9.7% in Moderna stocks, which Bloomberg reported as the biggest intraday drop in two months. Pfizer dropped as much as 2.6% and American depositary receipts of Germany’s BioNTech retreated as much as 8.9%. Novavax Inc., which is also developing a Covid-19 vaccine, declined as much as 11%, Bloomberg reported.  By Thursday morning, however, some of the same stocks had rebounded.

This story was updated on 6 May.

Image Credits: @WTO, WHO African Region , BBC.

A new report recommends that governments prioritise funding and support for midwifery amid a global shortfall of 900,000 midwives.

Two in every three deaths in childbirth could be prevented by 2035 if the world starts recruiting and training more midwives, a new report on the “State of World’s Midwifery 2021” has found.

The report, launched by the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) on Wednesday found a  global shortfall of 900,000 midwives – and said that the global midwifery workforce needs to be expanded by some 30% to close that gap.

Compiled by the UNFPA, the UN’s sexual and reproductive health agency (UNFPA), WHO (World Health Organization), the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) and other partners, the report evaluates the midwifery workforce and related health resources in 194 countries.

It states that for “midwives to achieve their life-saving and life-changing potential, greater investment is needed in their education and training, midwife-led service delivery, and midwifery leadership”.

Governments must prioritise funding and support for midwifery and take concrete steps to include midwives in determining health policies.

“Midwives play a vital role in reducing the risks of childbirth for women all over the world,” said WHO director general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Increasing their numbers will “deliver a triple dividend in contributing to better health, gender equality and inclusive economic growth,” he said.

The last State of the World’s Midwifery report, published in 2014, also raised the alarm over shortages and provided a roadmap on how to remedy this deficit. But progress over the past eight years has been too slow, the report found. The analysis in this year’s report shows that, at current rates of progress, the situation will have improved only slightly by 2030.

ICM president Franka Cadee said “midwives are continually overlooked and ignored” and called on “governments to acknowledge the evidence surrounding the life-promoting, life-saving impact of midwife-led care, and take action on the report’s recommendations”.

Almost one in five women give birth without a skilled health provider, exposing both mothers and babies to risk,  the report  further found.

It gives the latest stillbirths estimates at about two million a year, along with an estimated 2.4 million new-born deaths and some 295,000 maternal deaths, either during or soon after pregnancy.

Describing the report’s findings as “alarming”, UNFPA executive director Dr Natalia Kanem  said 1.1million more essential health workers are needed  to deliver sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn and adolescent health care, and 80 per cent of these missing essential health workers are midwives.

“A capable, well-trained midwife can have an enormous impact on childbearing women and their families – an impact often passed on from one generation to the next,” Kanem said.

The lack of midwives, the report states,  is driven by gender inequality, with countries overlooking sexual and reproductive health and under-estimating the value of a female-dominated workforce.

Fixing the gaps in provision could save an estimated 4.3 million mothers and babies a year, cutting two in three needless deaths by 2035, said analysis conducted for the report published in The Lancet medical journal last December.

The report urged governments to put money into boosting midwife numbers, improving training and offering midwives a greater role in health policy and maternal healthcare.

Image Credits: WHO, WHO SEARO.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel

The World Health Organization and the German government on Wednesday announced the launch of a new Global Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence that aims to harness the world of big data, media and epidemiological reports to more rapidly identify and respond to emerging disease risks.  

The hub, to be launched in Berlin later this year, would bring together scientists, data experts and other know-how from governments, international organizations and the private sector, in new, and more flexible forms of collaboration, WHO’s Director of Health Emergencies, Mike Ryan, said at a press briefing on Wednesday. 

Launch of the hub is being supported by €30 million in seed funds from the German government, said officials at the briefing, addressed by German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Health Minister Jens Spahn.

“The WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence can make a difference for a safer future…(we should focus on) the development of a global data ecosystem to produce timely insights and tools for policymakers, before and after an epidemic and pandemic events,” Spahn said.

The hub would help gather data more efficiently to predict, prevent and respond to future pandemics and epidemic risks worldwide, said WHO Director General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

“One of the lessons of the Covid-19 pandemic is that the world needs a significant leap forward in data analysis to help leaders make informed public health decisions,” Tedros said. 

“This requires harnessing the potential of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, combining diverse data sources, and collaborating across multiple disciplines. Better data and better analytics will lead to better decisions,” he said.

Faster Identification of Threats and Responses

Some of the first SARS-COV-2 cases emerged around Wuhan’s “wet markets” selling wild animals for slaughter and meat consumption; such markets can be a flashpoint for pathogen transmission to humans.

The initiative responds to a key issue raised by WHO member states and independent reviewers regarding the initial stages of  COVID-19 pandemic response – and the belated recognition of the SARS-CoV2 outbreak that was now obviously simmering in Wuhan throughout the fall of 2019 – and possibly even spreading then to other countries, such as Italy, where COVID-positive serum samples from the period were later identified.

Even so, the first Chinese government and media reports of the mysterious pneumonia-like outbreak in Wuhan were only picked up on 31 December, 2019 – by WHO’s China country office as well as by the WHO EIOS (Epidemic Intelligence Open Sources) platform – which noted a report from ProMED, the International Society for Infectious Diseases.  

Following that, criticism has also been leveraged against the quality of data collection by WHO, China and other member states reflecting the early days of the pandemic spread  – which may have contributed to WHO’s delays in declaring an international public health emergency over the virus – which so far has killed over 3.2 million people worldwide. 

Although not “new”, the idea of a hub, according to Tedros, coalesced during discussions with Merkel in October 2020 about the creation of a centre that would serve as a global nerve centre to enhance global capacity for pandemic and epidemic intelligence.

Merkel, in a video message, said that the COVID-19 pandemic “has taught us that we can only fight pandemics and epidemics together”.

“The new WHO Hub will be a global platform for pandemic prevention, bringing together various governmental, academic and private sector institutions,” Merkel said, further welcoming WHO’s decision to base the hub in Berlin.

The hub will bring together governmental, academic and private sector institutions to harness global data, surveillance and analytics and will involve a global collaboration of countries and partners to look for pre-signals that go beyond current systems that monitor publicly available information for signs of emerging outbreaks.

Build Upon EIOS – CERN-like Model For Cooperation 

WHO’s Director of Health Emergencies, Mike Ryan

Ryan said that the hub would not be about creating another “big bureaucratic WHO institution” but rather a transformed and engaging centre.

He said that WHO envisages the platform as functioning similar to CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research – an iconic Geneva-area institution that brings together research fellows, visiting scholars and other experts for brief stints,  where they can share and apply their knowledge and skills. 

“It’s about creating a platform with Germany, where everyone can come and contribute. And this becomes a facilitating environment. We bring the best minds, we bring the best ideas and we facilitate that with the infrastructure and the tools and all of the things that we need…(to) allow others to take the real innovative steps to move us forward in this regard,” Ryan added. 

He said that the hub would build upon the networks created by EIOS – in a more sophisticated model – to become operational from September. 

Germany has offered a seed fund of €30 million annually as a startup for the hub, with WHO still working on further details of the budget, he added. .

Appeals for further funding are being discussed with various potential donors at the G7 level, said Ryan.

Berlin “Ideal Location” for Global Hub

German Health Minister Jens Spahn

Merkel said Berlin was an ideal location for the hub as it already had leading players in the digital and health fields, such as the Robert Koch Institute, the German federal government’s scientific research institution.

“If that expertise is now supplemented by the WHO Hub, we will create a unique environment for pandemic and health research here in Berlin — an environment from which important action-oriented insights will emerge for governments and leaders around the world,” she said.

Emphasising that the new hub would still fall under WHO’s governance, Spahn said Germany was offering an “enabling environment for the inter linkages between public health and digital players”.

“We are very confident that this local environment will provide numerous opportunities for synergies with a new double edge  for the hub,” Spahn said, echoing Tedros’ sentiments that there was a clear need for stronger early local warning alerts and emergency response system  to help improve public health intelligence and risk analysis.

Transparent Data is Imperative

WHO affirmed that data from the new global hub will be held openly and transparently.

While affirming that data, in principle, should be held openly and transparently, Ryan acknowledged that it will still be up to the member states and the rules of the International Health Regulations to decide how, and with whom, to share verified information. 

“The aim is to bring together partners from around the world to develop better access to data and to develop tools we need to generate the insights we need before, during and after pandemics. But, also to build  trust between partners in sharing that data in sharing those insights. We aim to bring that whole process together,” Ryan said.

He acknowledged, however, that access to data as well as tools for generating insight from such data is not evenly distributed across the member states.  And the hub would try to address those inequalities, as well. 

“I can assure you that that’s the point of the centre… to democratize that process, bring more parameters and create facilities, translate trends and transformative technologies on the capabilities to our member states.”

However, issues around transparency and accountability will not be solved by new technologies, but by building trust between partners in sharing data and insights, Ryan added.

Three independent panels are due to report at the upcoming World Health Assembly (WHA)on how the WHO and member states reacted to the pandemic, and propose reforms in rules and procedures.

Effectively the creation of the hub leapfrogs over what is likely to be highly politicized deliberations on those reforms at the WHA – to create at least one fait accompli that would support earlier warnings.   

Image Credits: Breaking Asia, UCT.

High-level panel on TRIPS waiver

CAPE TOWN – The “circular discussion” at the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the TRIPS waiver needs to move to “text-based” negotiations, Ambassador Xolelwa Mlumbi-Peter, South Africa’s Permanent Representative to the WTO said on Tuesday.

Her Indian counterpart, Brajendra Navnit, added that opponents of the waiver had been using “delaying tactics” since the beginning of the year, “changing goalposts” to raise new problems once their earlier concerns had been addressed.

Mlumbi-Peter and Navnit were addressing a high-level panel on Tuesday organised by a range of civil society organisations, on the eve of yet another meeting of the TRIPS Council on the waiver issue, set for Wednesday and Thursday. 

A waiver in the enforcement of patents, copyright, industrial designs, and trade secrets, under WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), was proposed in October 2020 by India and South Africa, for all COVID-related health products for the duration of the pandemic. 

This proposal has been supported by over 60 member states, but opposed by mostly high-income nations. During the ensuing six months of negotiations, a further two million people have died from the SARS-CoV2 virus, participants at Tuesday’s panel pointed out. 

A revised version of the TRIPS waiver proposal is to be presented at Wednesday’s TRIPS General Council “in a bid to reconcile positions”, according to the WTO.

‘Hopeful Signs” on US Position 

Ambassador Xolelwa Mlumbi-Peter, South Africa’s Permanent Representative to the WTO

Until recently, Mlumbi-Peters had chaired the WTO TRIPS Council, on behalf of South Africa, and had thus been unable to speak publicly in support of the waiver proposal. 

Another panelist, United States Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky, who has been championing the waiver in her country, said that it was still unclear if the US administration would support the waiver – but there were some hopeful signs of “dramatic change”.

“The United States position is evolving. There are divisions even within the administration – and [within] the Members of Congress, a majority of the Democrats have weighed in, in favour of a TRIPS waiver,” said Schakowsky.

“When Big Pharma talks about its priorities and that intellectual property rights rule everything, they are forgetting that the American people, the taxpayers, have spent billions and billions of dollars in research and development and distribution, have a huge stake in this,” she added.

No ‘Good Examples’ of Voluntary Licensing 

Schakowsky supported text-based negotiations on the waiver “to make the changes that are necessary that are going to allow all countries to have access”.

“We really don’t have the time to argue with the pharmaceutical industry,” said added.

Kathleen Van Brempt, Belgian Member of the European Parliament and the trade coordinator for the Parliament’s Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group, proposed “a coalition of the willing” involving European and US politicians in particular.

Van Brempt said that opponents of the waiver claimed that it was an “ideological” proposal that would not facilitate the technology transfer needed to speed up vaccine production, and that this could be achieved with voluntary licensing of COVID-19 treatments and medicines.

“The facts and figures prove them wrong,” said Van Brempt. “I don’t know any good examples of voluntary licensing, or even of compulsory licensing, that would ramp up production. That is not the case today, and that’s why we have to move on.” 

Kathleen Van Brempt, Belgian Member of the European Parliament

Van Brempt added: “I’m very happy to see my colleague of the US Congress [Schakowsky]. I think we should work much more closely together  because I hear that the Biden Administration might move.”

She also suggested engaging with the pharmaceutical industry as a first step to inform them about “how unacceptable it is that they decide on the price, and they decide who can produce”, when these decisions “should be steered by governments”. 

She also suggested opening up the discussion on the TRIPS waiver with the aim of “ramping up [vaccine] production”. 

More Pragmatic Than Ideological

Ruth Dreifuss, former President of Switzerland, said that “unilateral, bilateral tools, like voluntary licenses, compulsory licenses, parallel imports have not adapted to the current situation”. 

“We urgently need a more global approach as proposed by India and South Africa,” added Dreifuss, who chairs WHO’s Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health (CIPIH) and was co-chair of the UN Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines.

Neither voluntary licenses (issued by pharma companies) nor compulsory licenses (which may be issued by countries in health emergencies) are tools “that would allow us to go as swiftly as we should”, as they have always involved bilateral arrangements or decisions by individual states, which do not address the broader global situation.

“With more than $100 billion of public money invested in R&D and supply of vaccines and therapeutics, the risk taken by the pharmaceutical industry has been largely overtaken by the taxpayers,” Dreifuss added. “It is, therefore, an obligation for the states to guarantee fair access, and therefore the means to control the pandemic worldwide.” 

Dreifuss added that Switzerland “doesn’t share this idea, but I think it is a victim of a vision that is more ideological – not really pragmatic and adapted to the challenge we are facing now.” 

“Making the rights of intellectual property something very sacred is not a political position I can share,” she added.

 Van Brempt, meanwhile, said she had been encouraged that the ambassadors of India and South Africa are “not locked into their own truth” but open to negotiations.

“I might be wrong but I think I can establish a majority of the European Parliamentarians, but it will involve compromises, and maybe it will not say that we fully support the waiver, as requested by India and South Africa. Maybe it will need another wording, but what I want is a shift in how the Commission looks at it.” 

 

Image Credits: Tadeau Andre/MSF .