Coronavirus Reinfection – Can You Really Get It Again? The Impacts For A Second Wave & Vaccine Development 27/08/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay This Tuesday, European researchers documented two new cases of COVID-19 reinfection, just a day after the first genetically proven case of reinfection was reported in a 33-year old man in Hong Kong. The 33-year old had contracted two genetically distinct strains of Covid-19 over a period of four and a half months. The potential for […] Continue reading -> Evidence On Convalescent Plasma Therapy To Treat COVID-19 Patients Is “Very Low Quality”, Warns WHO 24/08/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher There is insufficient evidence that treating people hospitalized for COVID-19 with blood plasma from recovered patients is safe and effective – and more randomized clinical trials are thus needed, warned the World Health Organization on Monday. Evidence overall remains “inconclusive,” said WHO chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan at a WHO press conference on Monday. She spoke […] Continue reading -> EU Orphan Drug Regulations Haven’t “Failed” But Reforms Needed, Says CEO Of European Rare Disease NGO 04/08/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay European legislation on drugs for rare diseases is “far from perfect”, but it is not a ‘failure’ given the amount of private sector investment it has attracted in the past two decades, says Yann Le Cam, CEO of EURORDIS – Rare Diseases Europe, a non-profit alliance of some 930 rare disease patient organisations across 72 […] Continue reading -> Italy Publishes National Regulation Requiring Pharma Disclosure Of Public Support For R&D On New Drugs 28/07/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay Italy has become the first nation to require pharmaceutical companies to disclose secret data about any public subsidies it may have received for the development of a new drug, during negotiations over drug pricing and reimbursement with national regulatory authorities, according to a decree published Friday in the nation’s official gazette. The decree, following on […] Continue reading -> IOC Joins Forces With WHO And The UN To Promote Health During COVID-19 23/06/2020 Editorial team To mark Olympic Day, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched a partnership with the WHO and the UN to inspire healthy behavior around the world, announced a WHO statement on Tuesday. As COVID-19 upends daily routines and lives around the world, we need to pay attention to our own mental and physical health and help […] Continue reading -> Africa Must Develop Its Own Solutions To COVID-19, Say Experts Across The Continent 19/06/2020 Paul Adepoju 19 June 2020 (Ibadan, Nigeria) – We are at war with COVID-19, a war we must win to survive, said Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, on Friday at a workshop on “Home-Grown Solutions to the COVID-19 Health Crisis,” hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. Since the continent’s first confirmed […] Continue reading -> World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
Evidence On Convalescent Plasma Therapy To Treat COVID-19 Patients Is “Very Low Quality”, Warns WHO 24/08/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher There is insufficient evidence that treating people hospitalized for COVID-19 with blood plasma from recovered patients is safe and effective – and more randomized clinical trials are thus needed, warned the World Health Organization on Monday. Evidence overall remains “inconclusive,” said WHO chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan at a WHO press conference on Monday. She spoke […] Continue reading -> EU Orphan Drug Regulations Haven’t “Failed” But Reforms Needed, Says CEO Of European Rare Disease NGO 04/08/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay European legislation on drugs for rare diseases is “far from perfect”, but it is not a ‘failure’ given the amount of private sector investment it has attracted in the past two decades, says Yann Le Cam, CEO of EURORDIS – Rare Diseases Europe, a non-profit alliance of some 930 rare disease patient organisations across 72 […] Continue reading -> Italy Publishes National Regulation Requiring Pharma Disclosure Of Public Support For R&D On New Drugs 28/07/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay Italy has become the first nation to require pharmaceutical companies to disclose secret data about any public subsidies it may have received for the development of a new drug, during negotiations over drug pricing and reimbursement with national regulatory authorities, according to a decree published Friday in the nation’s official gazette. The decree, following on […] Continue reading -> IOC Joins Forces With WHO And The UN To Promote Health During COVID-19 23/06/2020 Editorial team To mark Olympic Day, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched a partnership with the WHO and the UN to inspire healthy behavior around the world, announced a WHO statement on Tuesday. As COVID-19 upends daily routines and lives around the world, we need to pay attention to our own mental and physical health and help […] Continue reading -> Africa Must Develop Its Own Solutions To COVID-19, Say Experts Across The Continent 19/06/2020 Paul Adepoju 19 June 2020 (Ibadan, Nigeria) – We are at war with COVID-19, a war we must win to survive, said Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, on Friday at a workshop on “Home-Grown Solutions to the COVID-19 Health Crisis,” hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. Since the continent’s first confirmed […] Continue reading -> World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
EU Orphan Drug Regulations Haven’t “Failed” But Reforms Needed, Says CEO Of European Rare Disease NGO 04/08/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay European legislation on drugs for rare diseases is “far from perfect”, but it is not a ‘failure’ given the amount of private sector investment it has attracted in the past two decades, says Yann Le Cam, CEO of EURORDIS – Rare Diseases Europe, a non-profit alliance of some 930 rare disease patient organisations across 72 […] Continue reading -> Italy Publishes National Regulation Requiring Pharma Disclosure Of Public Support For R&D On New Drugs 28/07/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay Italy has become the first nation to require pharmaceutical companies to disclose secret data about any public subsidies it may have received for the development of a new drug, during negotiations over drug pricing and reimbursement with national regulatory authorities, according to a decree published Friday in the nation’s official gazette. The decree, following on […] Continue reading -> IOC Joins Forces With WHO And The UN To Promote Health During COVID-19 23/06/2020 Editorial team To mark Olympic Day, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched a partnership with the WHO and the UN to inspire healthy behavior around the world, announced a WHO statement on Tuesday. As COVID-19 upends daily routines and lives around the world, we need to pay attention to our own mental and physical health and help […] Continue reading -> Africa Must Develop Its Own Solutions To COVID-19, Say Experts Across The Continent 19/06/2020 Paul Adepoju 19 June 2020 (Ibadan, Nigeria) – We are at war with COVID-19, a war we must win to survive, said Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, on Friday at a workshop on “Home-Grown Solutions to the COVID-19 Health Crisis,” hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. Since the continent’s first confirmed […] Continue reading -> World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
Italy Publishes National Regulation Requiring Pharma Disclosure Of Public Support For R&D On New Drugs 28/07/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay Italy has become the first nation to require pharmaceutical companies to disclose secret data about any public subsidies it may have received for the development of a new drug, during negotiations over drug pricing and reimbursement with national regulatory authorities, according to a decree published Friday in the nation’s official gazette. The decree, following on […] Continue reading -> IOC Joins Forces With WHO And The UN To Promote Health During COVID-19 23/06/2020 Editorial team To mark Olympic Day, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched a partnership with the WHO and the UN to inspire healthy behavior around the world, announced a WHO statement on Tuesday. As COVID-19 upends daily routines and lives around the world, we need to pay attention to our own mental and physical health and help […] Continue reading -> Africa Must Develop Its Own Solutions To COVID-19, Say Experts Across The Continent 19/06/2020 Paul Adepoju 19 June 2020 (Ibadan, Nigeria) – We are at war with COVID-19, a war we must win to survive, said Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, on Friday at a workshop on “Home-Grown Solutions to the COVID-19 Health Crisis,” hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. Since the continent’s first confirmed […] Continue reading -> World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
IOC Joins Forces With WHO And The UN To Promote Health During COVID-19 23/06/2020 Editorial team To mark Olympic Day, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched a partnership with the WHO and the UN to inspire healthy behavior around the world, announced a WHO statement on Tuesday. As COVID-19 upends daily routines and lives around the world, we need to pay attention to our own mental and physical health and help […] Continue reading -> Africa Must Develop Its Own Solutions To COVID-19, Say Experts Across The Continent 19/06/2020 Paul Adepoju 19 June 2020 (Ibadan, Nigeria) – We are at war with COVID-19, a war we must win to survive, said Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, on Friday at a workshop on “Home-Grown Solutions to the COVID-19 Health Crisis,” hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. Since the continent’s first confirmed […] Continue reading -> World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
Africa Must Develop Its Own Solutions To COVID-19, Say Experts Across The Continent 19/06/2020 Paul Adepoju 19 June 2020 (Ibadan, Nigeria) – We are at war with COVID-19, a war we must win to survive, said Dr John Nkengasong, Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control, on Friday at a workshop on “Home-Grown Solutions to the COVID-19 Health Crisis,” hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. Since the continent’s first confirmed […] Continue reading -> World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
World Trade Organization Faces Leadership Battle In Shadow Of Crisis Over Organization’s Future 12/06/2020 Frederick M. Abbott The early resignation of Roberto Azevedo from the post of Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), sets the stage for a highly politicized competition over his successor – who will face a major challenge in demands to reshape the WTO in the wake of repeated US complaints about its trade dispute rulings […] Continue reading -> Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
Dogs Could Detect Coronavirus in 250 People Per Hour, Reports New Study 02/06/2020 Gauri Saxena Dogs could be trained to discern COVID-19 in humans, reported researchers from The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Medical Detection Dogs and Durham University in a podcast last Wednesday. The study has received £500,000 from the UK government and hopes to be able to train dogs for rapid virus detection in airports […] Continue reading -> World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
World Health Assembly Resolution On COVID-19 Response: The Stark Choices Faced In A Polarized World Of Global Health 08/05/2020 Svĕt Lustig Vijay & Elaine Ruth Fletcher As the 73rd World Health Assembly approaches, the European Union-sponsored draft resolution on the COVID-19 response is gathering steam and storm as it rolls closer to the planned opening of the Assembly on 18 May – with far less clarity about how it might actually hit the shores of the public debate. The resolution aims […] Continue reading -> United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts
United Nations Approves Second COVID-19 Resolution; Stresses Global Collaboration On R&D, Medicines and Equipment Access 21/04/2020 Editorial team The UN General Assembly approved a resolution Monday night calling for accelerated scientific cooperation and global coordination to hasten the “rapid development, manufacturing and distribution of diagnostics, anti-viral medicines, personal protective equipment and vaccines” needed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution, approved in a virtual poll, also called on countries “to immediately take steps […] Continue reading -> Posts navigation Older postsNewer posts