Fossil fuel pricing does most of the work

Share of the yearly gains WHO projects from six climate-health measures

Fossil fuel pricingThe five other measures
Lives saved a yearTotal 1.56m
77%23%
Emissions cut a yearTotal 16.7bn tonnes CO2e
98%
Economic benefits a yearTotal $3.9trn
78%22%
Extra government revenue a yearTotal $5.4trn
100%

WHO costed only the five other measures, at about $35bn a year. It put no figure on what fuel pricing would cost.

Source: WHO, Global benefits and costs of prioritized actions on climate change and health (2026); 2024 US$

Share of annual gains by measure
CategoryFossil fuel pricingThe five other measures
Lives saved a year1.2m lives (77%)360,000 lives (23%)
Emissions cut a year16.35bn tonnes CO2e (98%)0.32bn tonnes CO2e (2%)
Economic benefits a year$3.04trn (78%)$879bn (22%)
Extra government revenue a year$5.44trn (100%)None (0%)